Abstract
Introduction: T Kidney stone is a common urological disease, and high values of cardiometabolic index (CMI) are primarily linked with metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, which are associated with the formation of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis). Accordingly, our study aimed to investigate the relationship between high CMI values and the risk of kidney stones.
Materials and Methods: Databases such as Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar Search Engine were conducted for articles published until August 27, 2025. Data were analyzed using STATA 14. Tests with P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Results revealed that high CMI levels increased the risk of kidney stones (OR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.31, 1.47). As high CMI values in the second one-third (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.52), third one-third (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.49), second quartile (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.56), third quartile (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.71), and fourth quartile (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.33, 1.85) increased the risk of kidney stones. Additionally, high CMI levels increased the risk of kidney stones in men (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.42), women (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.39), patients with BMIs 25-30 (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.35), patients with BMIs ≥ 30 (OR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.39), patients younger than 60 (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.37), patients older than 60 (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.48), and diabetic individuals (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.70).
Conclusion: High CMI levels increased the risk of kidney stone formation by 39%. The risk was similar in men and women; however, the risk of kidney stones increased with the patients’ age. Furthermore, obese individuals were at a higher risk compared with those who were overweight.
Registration: This study has been compiled in accordance with the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251141496) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry2044) websites.