Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension accelerates kidney damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), making effective blood pressure control essential for renal protection. Due to magnesium deficiency as a common disorder in this population.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of oral magnesium supplementation on blood pressure.
Materials and Methods: The study was a randomized, single‑blind, placebo‑controlled clinical trial conducted at Loqman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2025 to 2026. Adults with T2DM were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either 300 mg of oral magnesium citrate daily (n = 30) or a matching placebo (n = 30) for a period of two months. Demographic data and informed written consent were collected at baseline, and blood pressure parameters, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), were measured at baseline, one month, and two months using standardized procedures. The outcomes were compared both within and between groups across the follow‑up period.
Results: After one month, compared to the baseline, the magnesium group showed decreases of −6.30 mmHg in SBP (4.16%↓), −4.30 mmHg in DBP (4.83%↓), and −3.10 mmHg in MAP (2.83%↓), all with P<0.05, while the control group showed smaller, non‑significant changes. By two months, reductions in the magnesium group increased to −12.00 mmHg in SBP (7.94%↓), −8.70 mmHg in DBP (9.78%↓), and −7.90 mmHg in MAP (7.21%↓), each with P<0.001, whereas the control group again demonstrated non‑significant declines. In comparison between one and two months, the magnesium group continued to improve, with additional reductions of −5.70 mmHg in SBP (3.93%↓), −4.40 mmHg in DBP (5.19%↓), and −4.80 mmHg in MAP (4.51%↓), all statistically significant (P<0.05), while the control group showed minimal, non‑significant fluctuations across all parameters.
Conclusion: The results indicate that magnesium citrate is an effective adjunct strategy for improving blood pressure control in patients with T2DM.
Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with code (identifier: IRCT20230522058258N2), and received ethical approval from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1404.602).