Nickan Research Institute Journal of Renal Injury Prevention 2345-2781 6 2 2017 06 01 What do we know about pediatric renal microlithiasis? 70 75 10.15171/jrip.2017.13 EN Mohammad Amin Fallahzadeh Jafar Hassanzadeh Mohammad Hossein Fallahzadeh REVIEW 10.15171/jrip.2017.13 Renal or calyceal microlithiasis is a common disorder with increasing prevalence especially in infants and younger children. The main presenting symptoms and the underlying metabolic abnormalities of renal microlithiasis are similar to renal stone. Although renal microlithiasis is considered as a main problem of the health system with diverse etiologies, our information about its natural course is very limited. Hence, further investigations to make an appropriate clinical approach to this entity is mandatory. Also, general practitioners, pediatricians, nephrologists and urologists have to be well educated regarding renal microlithiasis for early diagnosis, appropriate evaluation and proper management of this entity. In this review study, we focused on collection of the present information about different aspects of renal microlithiasis in children