Nickan Research Institute Journal of Renal Injury Prevention 2345-2781 13 2 2024 04 21 Cancer-associated thrombotic microangiopathy; a review article e32248 e32248 10.34172/jrip.2023.32248 EN Elham Saffarieh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-7263 Fahimeh Nokhostin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2181-9010 Azadeh Yousefnezhad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5526-3890 Seyedeh Reyhaneh Yousefi Sharemi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4050-4137 Journal Article 10.34172/jrip.2023.32248 2023 07 10 2023 09 24 Cancer-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare but is a serious complication that can occur in individuals with malignancy. It is characterized by widespread small blood vessel thrombosis (formation of blood clots) in various organs of the body, leading to organ damage and dysfunction. The exact mechanisms underlying cancer-associated TMA are not fully understood. However, several factors may contribute to its development. Cancer cells can release procoagulant substances that promote blood clot formation, since some tumors can directly invade blood vessels, leading to endothelial cell damage and activation of the coagulation system. Additionally, certain chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment can have adverse effects on the endothelium, further increasing the risk of TMA. Clinically, cancer-associated TMA presents with a range of symptoms depending on the organs affected. Common manifestations include microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and organ-specific symptoms such as neurological deficits, renal dysfunction, or cardiac abnormalities.