Nickan Research Institute Journal of Renal Injury Prevention 2345-2781 14 4 2025 12 01 A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of triglyceride-glucose index levels with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus e38696 e38696 10.34172/jrip.2025.38696 EN Maryam Farajisani https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6866-9282 Shirin Shamsghahfarokhi https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8221-2941 Zahra Hamidi Madani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-8364 Zeinab Zamanpour https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-365X Hamid Rastad https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9322-0394 Sara Ghaseminejad Kermani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-8437 Kamran Safa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3630-5418 Leila Ashrafi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5204-2825 Forouhar Darabi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4163-7466 Journal Article 10.34172/jrip.2025.38696 2025 08 14 2025 10 31 Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder during pregnancy, and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is among the indicators that can predict the occurrence of gestational diabetes. Accordingly, our goal was to examine the relationship between the TyG index and GDM. Materials and Methods: Databases of Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar search engine were used for articles published until September 5, 2025. Data was analyzed using STATA 14. Tests with P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: High TyG index in general (OR:1.77, 95% CI: 1.56, 2), in the second one-third (OR:1.90, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.36), third one-third (OR:3.94, 95% CI: 2.07, 7.50), second quartile (OR:1.24, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.44), third quartile (OR:1.58, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.94), fourth quartile (OR:2.42, 95% CI: 1.85, 3.17), second quantile (OR:1.23, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43), third quantile (OR:1.44, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.68), fourth quantile (OR:2.15, 95% CI: 1.41, 3.28), fifth quantile (OR:2.92, 95% CI: 1.96, 4.37) increased the risk of GDM. Furthermore, high TyG index levels increased the risk of GDM in China (OR:1.84, 95% CI: 1.59, 2.13), Korea (OR:1.43, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.89), cohort studies (OR:1.82, 95% CI: 1.60, 2.07), women groups with mean ages ≥ 35 (OR:2.54, 95% CI: 1.84, 3.51), and women with BMIs ≥ 25 (OR:2.56, 95% CI: 2.06, 3.18). Conclusion: High TyG index levels increased the risk of GDM by about 77%, and higher TyG index levels led to even higher possibilities of GDM occurrence. Additionally, obese and overweight women and those aged ≥ 35 were more exposed to this disease than other women. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251143086) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry2046) websites.