Nickan Research Institute Journal of Renal Injury Prevention 2345-2781 6 4 2017 12 01 An update on allopurinol and kidney failure; new trend for an old drug 297 302 10.15171/jrip.2017.57 EN Amirhesam Alirezaei Hassan Argani Masoumeh Asgharpour Ayad Bahadorimonfared Mahmood Bakhtiyari Journal Article 10.15171/jrip.2017.57 2017 04 28 2017 09 10 Allopurinol is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme. This drug is a reducer of uric acid in the body and one of the golden drugs with worldwide administration. XO is an important biological source of free radical generation. Allopurinol as an antioxidant, has direct and indirect antioxidant activity on these free radicals such as hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion. The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of allopurinol on some aspects of renal disturbances such as renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), nephrotoxicity and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).