Nickan Research Institute Journal of Renal Injury Prevention 2345-2781 7 1 2018 03 01 Metformin; a mini-review to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties 7 10 10.15171/jrip.2018.02 EN Abolfazl Abbaszadeh Sahar Koushki Shirin Koushki Marzieh Eskandarzadeh Amin Hasanvand Journal Article 10.15171/jrip.2018.02 2017 08 26 2017 09 23 Metformin, a hypoglycemic drug, increases peripheral glucose uptake, decreases liver glucose production and suppresses insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle. The molecular anti-inflammatory mechanism of metformin involves the reduction of the level of proinflammatory cytokines through AMPK activation. It can reduce endothelial dysfunction by ameliorating the expression of inflammatory gene and protein like vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and vasodilating maternal vessels. Many studies showed that AMPK activation were the main contributors to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of metformin.