Nickan Research Institute Journal of Renal Injury Prevention 2345-2781 8 3 2019 09 01 The association between fever and pyuria in children older than one month 240 242 10.15171/jrip.2019.45 EN Saeed Mohajeri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3792-9596 Pouria Hemmati Morteza Sedehi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-1709 Journal Article 10.15171/jrip.2019.45 2019 01 26 2019 05 04 Introduction: Some assumptions have been made on the probable association between fever and pyuria. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the association between fever and pyuria. Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, 90 febrile and 90 non-febrile children aged more than one month who were admitted to the pediatric ward were included. Urine specimens of children less than 2 years of age were collected by urine bag. Midstream urine samples were collected and immediately sent to the laboratory for complete urinalysis and urine culture. Results: Overall, 6.7% in febrile children and 2.2% in control group had pyuria however there was no significant association between fever and pyuria (P>0.05). Additionally, no association between the presence of pyuria and type of disease was detected (P>0.40). Conclusion: The present study could not reveal any association between fever and pyuria in children older than one month.